Process and apparatus for injection of liquid fuels into internal-combustion engines.



' No. 890,626. PATENTED JUNE 16, 1908.

I R. DIESEL.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR INJECTION 0F LIQUID PUELS'I NTO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1. 1905.

4 W Inventor: I M

Attest: V

, aids materially in reducing finely comminuted state, m which condi- RUDOLPH DIESEL, OF MUNICH, GERMANY.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR INJECTION OF LIQU ID FUELS INTO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 16, 1908.

Application filed. July 1, 1905. Serial No. 267,969,

I To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH DIESEL, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and residin at Munich, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes and Ap aratus for Injection of and re ates more particularly to means which accomplish or bring about the immediate and thorough atomization of the liquid fuel as it enters the said s ace.

When liquid fue s are injected in jets tll rplugh very small nozzles and under very cham er containing air or gas, the im act of the liquid into the gas induces a mec anical sub-division of the liquid jet into minute particles. This atomizing action is observed to increase as the ratio of the pressures inside and outside of the receptacle from which the liquid flows. The absolute pressure of the gas in the chamber also affects th atomizing action, for the higher the pressure of this gas the more compact is the body which the liquid 'et encounters. This atomiz-ing action of the liquid fuel is facilitated and increased according to the present invention by previously saturating the same with air or oxygen under high pressure, so that when it enters the lower pressure of the combustion chamber therapid release of the'contained gas the fuel to a tionitsjenergy'is more readily converted into useful work. At the same time, the atomization of the 'fuel ma be further facilitated and hastened by heatm the fuel, which may be accomplished either y impregnating the fuel with the compressed gas while the latter is still giving off its heat ofcompression, or by warmin the fuel by an independent instrumentahty or by both.

Infurther describing the process and the ap ipratus with'which it may be carried out, I s all refer to the accompanying sheet of drawingsforming a part hereof m which Figure 1 shows a portion of a Diesel engine with the fuel injection mechanism shown diagrammatically according to this invenressure into a combustion or other.

bottom of the same or at least tion and having its fuel receptacle shown in vertical section, and 2 is avertical section of a portion of the combustion or compression s ace of the said engine, it being understood t at the said drawin s are intended to be merely descriptive of the process and the relations of the several parts, and are not to be considered as working drawings; and it should be here stated that the present invention is capable of embodiment in various forms and ada tation to different types of engines, accor mg to conditions or requirements. v

The reference character d re resents the internalcombustion en ine Whic includes a cylinder 0 in which fue material is adapted to be compressed and combusted in the well known'manner. The fuel is injected into the cylinder throu 'h the restricted o ening 0, controlled by theuel valve n whic is apgj'opriately operated through its valve stem y the customary valve gearing t, not necessary to be here described. The saturating a paratus whereby the liquid fuel is saturate with the as comprises a receptacle e which ,may be ed wlth fuel through lpipe 1 and sto -cock 2, by means of the smal pump p, Whic latter may be driven by hand when desired. A gas pipe k also enters the said receptacle debouchm near the elow the level of the liquid therein, ,and screens or finely perforated lates s, s, are interposed between the mout of the pipe or passagek and the level of the liquid, so that the gas emitted therefrom is subdivided into small bubbles which rise through the liquid and are absorbed by it. The pipe is communicates through a stop-cock 3 and pipe or passage 1" with a force pipe 4 of the air pum l and also with an air or gas reservoir a, t e

latter communication being controlled by the stopcock 5. The air pump 1 just referred to is arranged to be driven at times by the engine, to fill the reservoir on with com ressed air, oxygen or other gas which may e sub-- sequently used for injecting fuel and also for starting the engine. The pump Z is also employed for forcm compressed as, which it may draw throug pipe 6 from t e reservoir,

into the force pipe 4 and from thence into the gas pipe is, the several stop-cocks shown bemg appropriately manipulated to produce this result. The receptacle e has communication through the pipe 7 and cook Swith the within the compression space of the engine.

fuel valve n of the engine, and this communication is, of course, controlled by the position of the valve gearing thereof.

When the engine is at rest, the reservoir (1 may be filled with air of 50 or 60 atmospheres remaining from the previous run, and the injection tank or fuel receptacle e may contain no liquid fuel except possibly a small residuum left from the previous run. By opening the cocks 3 and 5, the pressures inthe reservoir and receptacle may be equalized throu h the pipe 1' and after closin the cock 3 t e pump p may be worked by and to force the oil or other liquid fuel into the said rece tacle to fill the same and produce therein t e desired high pressure whlch is a multiple of .that of the compression space. When the engine is set inmotion, the fuel is injected into the compression s ace thereof through the pipe 7 by reason 0 the said higher pressure, andthe several cocks are so adjusted andre ulated that the air pump Z draws air from tl e reservoir and forces it through ipe is into the oil by which it is absorbe as .above described. The air coming directly from the pump into the oil receptacle, gives off its heat of com ression and thereby raises the temperature 0 theoil. As the jet of warmed air-saturated and oxy enated oil strikes the body of air in the cylin er of the engine, which is usually compressed toabout or atmospheres it immediately becomes thoroughly pulverized or atomized in such manner as to Insure perfect combustion. The liquid jet may be sup lied, if desired, with any of the various we own forms of injection nozzles, such as r'ose nozzles, or mixing nozzles in which the entering jet draws in air throu h lateral openings, or theatomization may e increase by'means of impact plates or by the use of two-jets intersecting from opposite or different directions.

Having described -my invention, what I claim and desire to secure b Letters Patent of the United States, is the ollowing:

1. A process of injecting fuel into internal combustion en ines which consists in injecting a jet of-liquid fuel previously oxy enated,

into a body of compressed air in t e compression space of the engine.

' 2. A process of injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion en ines which consists in oxygenating the fue and injecting such oxy enated liquid through arestrioted 0 ening irectly'into a previously compresse gas 3. A process of injecting-liquid fuelinto internal combustion engines, which" consists in compressinglsaid fue ,and also air or ox gen, forclng t e latter in mechanically ivided articles through said fuel for the purose o oxygenating same and injectin the el thus saturated directly into a body of air in the compression space of said engine.

. receptacle.

4, A process of'injectmg liquid fuel into internal combustion engines which consists 1n prevlously compressmg 881d fuel 1n a receptacle, introducing air or oxygen Into the bottom of oxygenated liquid receptacle and.

injecting the said fuel therefrom directly into a body of compressed air in the combustion chamber of said engine. a

5. A process of injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines which consists in compressing air or oxygen and introducing the same into a confined or closed fuel receptacle, further compressing the air or oxygen in said "receptacle by forcing fuel into the same, passing subdivided particles of air or oxygen through said confined fuel and then 'in'ectin the same into a bod of com resscd g Y P air Within the'compression space of the engine.

6. .A process of injecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines, which consists in com ressing air or oxygen and forcing the same t rough previously compressed liquid fuel before it loses its heat of compression to thereby heat said fuel, and then injecting said liquid fuel directly into the compression space of the engine.

7. A process of -'njecting liquid fuel into internal combustion engines, which consists .in in'ecting into a body of compressed air 9. n a fuel injection mechanism for internal combustion engines, a liquid fuelroce tacle, an air or ox gen pipe passage de ouching below the evel of the liquid therein, and meansfor subdividing the air or oxygen emitted therefrom, in combination with a fuel injection pipe or passage forming a communication between the liquid part in said receptacle and the compresslon space of the engine, and a ump for forcing air or oxygen through said gas pipe and thereby creating or reserving a pressure in said receptacle hig er than the compression of the engine.

10. In a fuel injection mechanism for internal combustion engines, a liquid fuel re-- ceptacle having communication with the combustion chamber of the englne, and means for introduclng compressed all or oxygen into the liquid-therein, in combination with a reservolr and a pump for forcin the air or oxygen thereof into the said fue 11. In a fuel injection mechanism for internal combustion engines, a liquid fuel receptacle having communication with the In testimony whereof, I have signed my combustion chamber of the engine, and a name to the specification in the presence of 10 fuel pump for filling the same with fuel, in two subscribing witnesses.

combination witlia "as reservoir, a gas pump I adapted to compress gas therein and pipe RUDOLPH DIESEL connections from said gas pump whereby it Witnesses: maybe caused to force the gas in said reser- ULYSSES J. BYWATER, voir mto the llqmd 1n the said receptacle. ABRAHAM SOHLESINGER; 

